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  5. Designing Gel-Inspired Food-Grade O/W Pickering Emulsions with Bacterial Nanocellulose–Chitosan Complexes

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Article
en
2025

Designing Gel-Inspired Food-Grade O/W Pickering Emulsions with Bacterial Nanocellulose–Chitosan Complexes

0 Datasets

0 Files

en
2025
Vol 11 (8)
Vol. 11
DOI: 10.3390/gels11080577

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Ioanna Mandala
Ioanna Mandala

Institution not specified

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Antiopi Vardaxi
Eftychios Apostolidis
Ioanna Mandala
+3 more

Abstract

This study explored the potential of chitosan (CH)/bacterial cellulose (BC) complexes (0.5% w/v) as novel emulsifiers to stabilize oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsions (20% v/v sunflower oil), with a focus on their gel-like behavior. Emulsions were prepared using CH combined with BNC derived via H2SO4 (BNC1) or H2SO4-HCl (BNC2) hydrolysis. Increasing BNC content improved stability by reducing phase separation and enhancing viscosity, while CH contributed interfacial activity and electrostatic stabilization. CH/BNC125:75 emulsions showed the highest stability, maintaining an emulsion stability index (ESI) of up to 100% after 3 days, with minimal change in droplet size (Rh ~8.5–8.8 μm) and a positive ζ-potential (15.1–29.8 mV), as confirmed by dynamic/electrophoretic light scattering. pH adjustment to 4 and 10 had little effect on their ESI, while ionic strength studies showed that 0.1 M NaCl caused only a slight increase in droplet size combined with the highest ζ-potential (−35.2 mV). Higher salt concentrations led to coalescence and disruption of their gel-like structure. Rheological analysis of CH/BNC125:75 emulsions revealed shear-thinning behavior and dominant elastic properties (G′ > G″), indicating a soft gel network. Incorporating sunflower-seed protein isolates into CH/BNC1 (25:75) emulsions led to coacervate formation (three-layer system), characterized by a decrease in droplet size and an increase in ζ-potential (up to 32.8 mV) over 7 days. These findings highlight CH/BNC complexes as sustainable stabilizers for food-grade Pickering emulsions, supporting the development of biopolymer-based emulsifiers aligned with bioeconomy principles.

How to cite this publication

Antiopi Vardaxi, Eftychios Apostolidis, Ioanna Mandala, Stergios Pispas, Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos, Erminta Tsouko (2025). Designing Gel-Inspired Food-Grade O/W Pickering Emulsions with Bacterial Nanocellulose–Chitosan Complexes. , 11(8), DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080577.

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Publication Details

Type

Article

Year

2025

Authors

6

Datasets

0

Total Files

0

Language

en

DOI

https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080577

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