The Mental Health of Farmers and Farmworkers Impacted by Flooding and Drought in England

Abstract Background Farmers and farmworkers are particularly vulnerable to the mental health impacts of environmental stressors such as flooding and drought. While studies from countries like Australia have explored this, there is a critical gap in understanding these effects in farming communities elsewhere, including England-especially as such events increase with climate change. This study investigates how flooding and drought affect the mental health and wellbeing of farmers and farmworkers in England, examining impacts on livelihoods and exploring both risk and protective factors. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used, beginning with a national online survey distributed through agricultural organisations in early 2025. Mental wellbeing was assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). Thematic analysis was applied to survey responses to identify key patterns in mental health challenges, coping strategies, and resilience. A subset of respondents will be invited for follow-up semi-structured interviews to gather deeper qualitative insights. Results The survey received 94 complete responses, representing every region of England and a variety of farm types. Results reveal a high prevalence of mental health issues among respondents, with limited professional help-seeking. Support from family and friends emerged as central to coping, alongside specific personal strategies. The national government was often cited as having a role in supporting mental health in relation to climate-related impacts. Conclusions This study underscores the importance of considering local and national contexts when addressing the mental health impacts of flooding and drought on farming communities. Findings will inform targeted health protection interventions and contribute to international research on the mental health effects of climate change.