A Gel-Free Ti3C2Tx-Based Electrode Array for High-Density, High-Resolution Surface Electromyography

Electromyography (EMG) is a standard procedure used to diagnose a range of neuromuscular pathologies, to investigate motor control disorders, and to study kinesiology and biomechanics. Wearable sensors for surface EMG (sEMG) are composed of single- to few-channel large-area contacts, which exhibit high interfacial impedance and require conductive gels or adhesives to record high-fidelity signals. These devices are also limited in their ability to record activation across large muscle groups due to poor spatial coverage. Typical sEMG involves placing two large-area, metallic contacts over the muscle, recording a bipolar signal, and applying standard filtering techniques to identify global muscle activation following voluntary or evoked muscle contractions. Muscle activation mapping via sEMG is also used for localizing the neuromuscular junction, a common target in chemodener-vation therapies for muscle spasticity.