Stabilized Naked Sub-nanometric Cu Clusters within a Polymeric Film Catalyze C–N, C–C, C–O, C–S, and C–P Bond-Forming Reactions

Sub-nanometric Cu clusters formed by endogenous reduction of Cu salts and Cu nanoparticles are active and selective catalysts for C–N, C–C, C–O, C–S, and C–P bond-forming reactions. Sub-nanometric Cu clusters have also been generated within a polymeric film and stored with full stability for months. In this way, they are ready to be used on demand and maintain high activity (TONs up to 104) and selectivity for the above reactions. A potential mechanism for the formation of the sub-nanometric clusters and their electronic nature is presented.