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Get Free AccessSystemic immune cell dynamics during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are extensively documented, but these are less well studied in the (upper) respiratory tract, where severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates1–6. Here, we characterized nasal and systemic immune cells in individuals with COVID-19 who were hospitalized or convalescent and compared the immune cells to those seen in healthy donors. We observed increased nasal granulocytes, monocytes, CD11c+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD4+ T effector cells during acute COVID-19. The mucosal proinflammatory populations positively associated with peripheral blood human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRlow monocytes, CD38+PD1+CD4+ T effector (Teff) cells and plasmablasts. However, there was no general lymphopenia in nasal mucosa, unlike in peripheral blood. Moreover, nasal neutrophils negatively associated with oxygen saturation levels in blood. Following convalescence, nasal immune cells mostly normalized, except for CD127+ granulocytes and CD38+CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells persisted at least 2 months after viral clearance in the nasal mucosa, indicating that COVID-19 has both transient and long-term effects on upper respiratory tract immune responses. The immunological processes occurring in the upper respiratory tract during COVID-19 are relatively poorly understood. Jochems and colleagues observe durable changes in the upper respiratory tract following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including evidence of virus-specific tissue memory T cells.
Anna H.E. Roukens, Cilia R. Pothast, Marion König, Wesley Huisman, Tim J. Dalebout, Tamar Tak, Shohreh Azimi, Yvonne C. M. Kruize, Renate S. Hagedoorn, Mihaela Zlei, Frank J. T. Staal, Fenna De Bie, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, M. Sesmu Arbous, Jaimie L. H. Zhang, Maaike Verheij, Corine Prins, Anne M. van der Does, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Jutte J.C. de Vries, Jacqueline J. Janse, Meta Roestenberg, Sebenzile K. Myeni, Marjolein Kikkert, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk, Hermelijn H. Smits, Simon P. Jochems, M. Sesmu Arbous, Bernard M. van den Berg, Sandra de Bruin-Versteeg, Suzanne C. Cannegieter, K. Canté, Christa M. Cobbaert, Anne M. van der Does, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Jeroen Eikenboom, Mariet C.W. Feltkamp, Annemieke Geluk, Jelle J. Goeman, Martin Giera, Rick J. Groenland, Thomas Hankemeier, Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Cornelis H. Hokke, Rosalie van der Holst, Jacqueline J. Janse, Simon P. Jochems, Simone A. Joosten, Marjolein Kikkert, S. Klaver Flores, Lieke Lamont, Judith Manniën, Bas de Mooij, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Karin Pike‐Overzet, Tamás Pongrácz, Michaela Prado, N. Queralt Rosinach, Meta Roestenberg, Marco Roos, Anna H.E. Roukens, Alita J. van der Sluijs‐Gelling, Hermelijn H. Smits, Eric J. Snijder, Frank J. T. Staal, Leendert A. Trouw, Roula Tsonaka, Aswin Verhoeven, Leo G. Visser, Jutte J.C. de Vries, David J. van Westerloo, Jeanette Wigbers, H.J. van Wijk, Robin C. van Wissen, Manfred Wuhrer, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Mihaela Zlei, Josine A. Oud, Meryem Baysan, Jeanette Wigbers, Lieke J. van Heurn, Susan B. ter Haar, Alexandra G. L. Toppenberg, Laura Heerdink, Annekee A. van IJlzinga Veenstra, Anna M. Eikenboom, Julia M. Wubbolts, Jonathan W. Uzorka, Willem M. Lijfering, Romy T. Meier, I. De Jonge, Mark de Boer, Anske G. van der Bom, Olaf M. Dekkers, Frits R. Rosendaal (2021). Prolonged activation of nasal immune cell populations and development of tissue-resident SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses following COVID-19. Nature Immunology, 23(1), pp. 23-32, DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w.
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Type
Article
Year
2021
Authors
97
Datasets
0
Total Files
0
Language
English
Journal
Nature Immunology
DOI
10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w
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