Enhancing energy storage capability for renewable energy systems through advanced cement-based supercapacitors

As global warming worsens, countries around the world have developed policies to reduce carbon emissions and accelerate the transition to renewable energy. Recently, cement-based supercapacitors have attracted significant attention due to their low energy consumption and multifunctionality, offering a promising solution for large-scale energy storage in renewable energy systems. This review provides an overview of the advancements, mechanism and characterization of cement-based supercapacitors, followed by an analysis of performance studies on mechanical and electrochemical properties based on cement types, water to cement (W/C) ratio, curing age, additives, and various electrodes of contemporary interest. The progress in overcoming issues related to the energy storage capacity and mechanical properties of polymer modified cement-based electrolytes is analyzed. In addition, high-performance and long-lifespan electrodes modified by nanomaterials and metal oxides are essential for establishing highly efficient cement-based supercapacitors. The multifunctionality of these materials is further discussed, emphasizing mitigating intrinsic contradictions is key to large-scale production and commercialization. Finally, perspectives are provided on the future development requirements of advanced cement-based supercapacitors, focusing on sustainability, economic promotion, social impact, and industrial stability. This review not only provides direction for researchers in renewable energy storage but also offers valuable insights for achieving energy savings and carbon neutrality.