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Get Free AccessWe conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on income among individuals of European descent and leveraged the results to investigate the socio-economic health gradient ( N =668,288). We found 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes. Our GWAS-derived polygenic index captures 1 - 4% of income variance, with only one-fourth attributed to direct genetic effects. A phenome-wide association study using this polygenic index showed reduced risks for a broad spectrum of diseases, including hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary atherosclerosis, depression, asthma, and back pain. The income factor showed a substantial genetic correlation (0.92, s.e. = .006) with educational attainment (EA). Accounting for EA's genetic overlap with income revealed that the remaining genetic signal for higher income related to better mental health but reduced physical health benefits and increased participation in risky behaviours such as drinking and smoking.
Philipp Koellinger, Hyeokmoon Kweon, Casper A.P. Burik, Yuchen Ning, Rafael Ahlskog, Charley Xia, Erik Abner, Yanchun Bao, Laxmi Bhatta, Tariq Faquih, Maud de Feijter, Paul Fisher, Andrea Gelemanović, Alexandros Giannelis, Jouke‐Jan Hottenga, Bita Khalili, Yunsung Lee, Ruifang Li‐Gao, Jaan Masso, Ronny Myhre, Teemu Palviainen, Cornelius A. Rietveld, Alexander Teumer, Resnke Verweij, Emily A. Willoughby, Esben Agerbo, Sven Bergmann, Dorret I. Boomsma, Anders D. Børglum, Ben Brumpton, Neil M Davies, Tõnu Esko, Scott D. Gordon, Georg Homuth, M. Arfan Ikram, Magnus Johannesson, Jaakko Kaprio, Michael P. Kidd, Zoltán Kutalik, Alex S. F. Kwong, James Lee, Annemarie I. Luik, Per Magnus, Pedro Marques‐Vidal, Nicholas G. Martin, Dennis O. Mook‐Kanamori, Preben Bo Mortensen, Sven Oskarsson, Emil M. Pedersen, Ozren Polašek, Frits R. Rosendaal, Melissa Smart, Harold Snieder, Peter J. van der Most, Péter Vollenweider, Henry Völzke, Gonneke Willemsen, Jonathan Beauchamp, Thomas A. DiPrete, Richard Karlsson Linnér, Qiongshi Lu, Tim Morris, Aysu Okbay, K. Paige Harden, Abdel Abdellaoui, W. David Hill, Ronald de Vlaming, Daniel J. Benjamin (2024). Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socioeconomic health gradient. Research Square (Research Square), DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3782300/v1.
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Type
Preprint
Year
2024
Authors
68
Datasets
0
Total Files
0
Language
English
Journal
Research Square (Research Square)
DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-3782300/v1
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