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Insight into Hydrovoltaic Technology: from Mechanism to Applications

Abstract

Water encompasses vast quantities of energy in diverse forms, yet this energy is rarely exploited. Hydrovoltaic technology, as an emergent clean energy generation technology, has garnered extensive attention in recent years. Distinct from conventional hydroelectric power generation, hydrovoltaic technology ingeniously employs the interaction between functional materials and water, and achieves the direct conversion of water energy into electrical energy. This review initially delineates the mechanism of hydrovoltaic technology and deliberate on the various materials currently employed for hydroelectric power generation. Subsequently, experimental advancements in power generation from water droplets, water evaporation, and moisture are summarized to demonstrate the relevance of their fundamental mechanisms and their potential for harvesting energy from the water cycle. This work further expounds on the potential device applications of hydrovoltaic technology and proposes prospects for the development of emerging technologies.

article Review; Early Access

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

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Gu Chen

Luo Yixiang

Ji Huachao

Wang Shiyan

Huang Baoyu

Zhu Xianjun

Wang Longlu

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hydrovoltaic technology

moisture

nanomaterial

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sensors

water droplet

water evaporation

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Assessment of reinforced concrete building damages following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Malatya, Turkey (February 6, 2023)

Abstract

Earthquakes of magnitude Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6 hit the city of Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) on 6 February 2023. These earthquakes caused serious damage in 11 provinces in Turkey resulting in over 50,000 deaths and huge economic losses with the collapse of thousands of buildings. Two consecutive devastating earthquakes have severely damaged the reinforced concrete building stock located in Malatya. There are many reasons reinforced concrete structures suffer damage under the influence of seismic loads. These reasons can be listed as material and section properties that do not comply with earthquake codes, workmanship defects, ground parameters that are not considered and design errors, as seen in field investigations after earthquakes in Turkey in the past. In this research, a field study was conducted on reinforced concrete buildings damaged after the earthquakes in Malatya province. The causes of structural damages in reinforced concrete buildings between 6–26 years of age were assessed in terms of design and material defects. The structural damages were mainly caused due to insufficient stirrups in structural members, short column, strong beam–weak column, failures of infill walls, soft story type collapse, poor concrete quality, and reinforcement corrosion. In addition to the field investigation, the spectrum relationships created using raw acceleration data obtained from DEMP (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency) stations in Malatya province were compared with the design response spectra.

article Article

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

Collapsed buildings

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