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Necessary Extremum Conditions and the Neustadt-Eaton Method in the Time-Optimal Control Problem for a Group of Nonsynchronous Oscillators

Abstract

The time-optimal control problem for an arbitrary number of nonsynchronous oscillators with a limited scalar control is considered. An analytical investigation of the problem is performed. The property of strong accessibility and global controllability is proved, and a program control is found that brings the system from the origin to a fixed point in the shortest time. Trajectories satisfying both the motion equations of the system and the additional conditions based on the matrix nondegeneracy conditions of the relay control have been found for bringing a group of oscillators to the origin. Two classification methods of trajectories according to the number of control switchings are compared: the one based on the necessary extremum conditions and the Neustadt-Eaton numerical algorithm.

article Article

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

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Berlin L.

Galyaev A.

Lysenko P.

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Featured Keywords

Pontryagin's maximum principle

optimal control

nonsynchronous oscillators

Neustadt-Eaton numerical algorithm

strong accessibility

global controllability

geometric control theory

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Assessment of reinforced concrete building damages following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Malatya, Turkey (February 6, 2023)

Abstract

Earthquakes of magnitude Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6 hit the city of Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) on 6 February 2023. These earthquakes caused serious damage in 11 provinces in Turkey resulting in over 50,000 deaths and huge economic losses with the collapse of thousands of buildings. Two consecutive devastating earthquakes have severely damaged the reinforced concrete building stock located in Malatya. There are many reasons reinforced concrete structures suffer damage under the influence of seismic loads. These reasons can be listed as material and section properties that do not comply with earthquake codes, workmanship defects, ground parameters that are not considered and design errors, as seen in field investigations after earthquakes in Turkey in the past. In this research, a field study was conducted on reinforced concrete buildings damaged after the earthquakes in Malatya province. The causes of structural damages in reinforced concrete buildings between 6–26 years of age were assessed in terms of design and material defects. The structural damages were mainly caused due to insufficient stirrups in structural members, short column, strong beam–weak column, failures of infill walls, soft story type collapse, poor concrete quality, and reinforcement corrosion. In addition to the field investigation, the spectrum relationships created using raw acceleration data obtained from DEMP (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency) stations in Malatya province were compared with the design response spectra.

article Article

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

Collapsed buildings

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