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Vulnerability analysis for a class of nonlinear cyber-physical systems under stealthy attacks

Abstract

This article studies the vulnerability for a class of nonlinear cyber-physical systems under stealthy attacks, i.e., whether the attack is able to destabilize the system and not be detected by the attack detector. Both non-stochastic and stochastic attacks are considered. The residual's norm is used to characterize the stealthiness of non-stochastic attacks. The nonlinear system is decomposed into two decoupled subsystems. By analyzing the boundedness of subsystems' states under stealthy attacks, a sufficient condition for vulnerability is given. Furthermore, a stochastic attack is designed to destabilize the system with the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) adopted to describe the stealthiness. To ensure stealthiness, the attack's parameters are carefully chosen such that the upper bound of the KLD is no larger than the threshold. A sufficient condition for the existence of such attack is given. Finally, a numerical example of the fixed-base inverted pendulum is illustrated to verify the theoretical results. (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

article Article

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

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Zhang Qirui

Dai Wei

Yang Chunyu

Chen Xinkai

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Featured Keywords

Security of cyber-physical systems

Nonlinear systems

Stealthy attacks

Vulnerability analysis

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Assessment of reinforced concrete building damages following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Malatya, Turkey (February 6, 2023)

Abstract

Earthquakes of magnitude Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6 hit the city of Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) on 6 February 2023. These earthquakes caused serious damage in 11 provinces in Turkey resulting in over 50,000 deaths and huge economic losses with the collapse of thousands of buildings. Two consecutive devastating earthquakes have severely damaged the reinforced concrete building stock located in Malatya. There are many reasons reinforced concrete structures suffer damage under the influence of seismic loads. These reasons can be listed as material and section properties that do not comply with earthquake codes, workmanship defects, ground parameters that are not considered and design errors, as seen in field investigations after earthquakes in Turkey in the past. In this research, a field study was conducted on reinforced concrete buildings damaged after the earthquakes in Malatya province. The causes of structural damages in reinforced concrete buildings between 6–26 years of age were assessed in terms of design and material defects. The structural damages were mainly caused due to insufficient stirrups in structural members, short column, strong beam–weak column, failures of infill walls, soft story type collapse, poor concrete quality, and reinforcement corrosion. In addition to the field investigation, the spectrum relationships created using raw acceleration data obtained from DEMP (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency) stations in Malatya province were compared with the design response spectra.

article Article

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

Collapsed buildings

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